Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
#1
Guest
Posts: n/a
Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
Hi all,
I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
or
2. Be replaced with a new valve?
I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
all of them are like that or only some.
Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
Thanks for any help.
Bill
I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
or
2. Be replaced with a new valve?
I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
all of them are like that or only some.
Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
Thanks for any help.
Bill
#2
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
#3
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
#4
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
#5
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
Check here for part numbers.
http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
Mike
86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
William Oliveri wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my 4.2/4.0
> combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside of
> the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
>
> 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
>
> or
>
> 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
>
> I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure either
> all of them are like that or only some.
> Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
>
> Thanks for any help.
>
> Bill
#6
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
Oh, Ok.. It finally clicked. The rear valve on the valve cover is the PCV
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
#7
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
Oh, Ok.. It finally clicked. The rear valve on the valve cover is the PCV
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
#8
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
Oh, Ok.. It finally clicked. The rear valve on the valve cover is the PCV
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
#9
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
Oh, Ok.. It finally clicked. The rear valve on the valve cover is the PCV
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
and the intake manifold".
LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
Thanks,
Bill
"Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
>
> Check here for part numbers.
>
> http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
>
> Mike
> 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
>
> William Oliveri wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
4.2/4.0
> > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
of
> > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> >
> > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> >
> > or
> >
> > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> >
> > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
either
> > all of them are like that or only some.
> > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> >
> > Thanks for any help.
> >
> > Bill
#10
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Can the PCV Valve on a 4.0L Valve cover be cleaned or replaced?
There's no valve in the CrankCase Ventilation (CCV) system, the rear tube
is just a manifold vacuum tube with a metering orifice to limit the amount
of vacuum applied to the crankcase (See _Chilton's_ `84-98 Cherokee
manual, Sec. 4-2 "Emission Controls" for description and testing method).
The front tube is a fresh air breather and comes in two parts, Left Vacuum
Assembly and Right Vacuum Assembly.
Follow the link Mike gives below for the Mopar part numbers, or read the
following from a different thread 9 days ago for the Balkamp part numbers.
Shop around, you might save a few bucks -- and I'm betting that they are
all Balkamp parts anyway. I paid US$41 for all three parts at NAPA, the
rear assembly only cost US$11, so you have to decide what your time is
worth.
<URL:http://www.google.com/groups?selm=Pine.NEB.4.58.0404171100130.7662%40pan ix1.panix.com>
On Mon, 26 Apr 2004, William Oliveri wrote:
> Oh, Ok.. It finally clicked. The rear valve on the valve cover is the PCV
> (Positive Crankcase Ventilation) and the tube that goes to the intake
> manifold is the CCV (Crankcase Ventilation) Tube. Is that right?
>
> I was at Chrysler parts today and asked them what the tube was called and
> they said, with a straight face, "the tube that goes between the PCV valve
> and the intake manifold".
>
> LOL. Some wonder why I'm so farked up.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Bill
>
>
>
> "Mike Romain" <romainm@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
> news:408DD216.D92DAD67@sympatico.ca...
> > That is a CCV valve. It should be cleaned and or replaced. The hole in
> > the rubber can be cleaned with a paper clip.
> >
> > Check here for part numbers.
> >
> > http://www.off-road.com/jeep/cheroke...ltr/blowby.htm
> >
> > Mike
> > 86/00 CJ7 Laredo, 33x9.5 BFG Muds, 'glass nose to tail in '00
> > 88 Cherokee 235 BFG AT's
> >
> > William Oliveri wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > I just looked at the 4.0L valve cover which will be going on my
> 4.2/4.0
> > > combo and I noticed the PCV valve was clogged with gook (on the inside
> of
> > > the valve cover are three screws which allow the PCV casing to come away
> > > from the valve exposing the PCV Valve itself). Can the valve:
> > >
> > > 1. Be cleaned satisfactorily?
> > >
> > > or
> > >
> > > 2. Be replaced with a new valve?
> > >
> > > I seem to remember reading that these cannot be replaced but not sure
> either
> > > all of them are like that or only some.
> > > Looks like it was made to as it has access to the inside.
> > >
> > > Thanks for any help.
> > >
> > > Bill
>
>
>